[54] Vranich notes that generations of amateur, fringe and pseudo-archeologist claimed that the "apparent geometric perfection of Tiwanaku architecture" is a result of extraterrestrial intervention or a lost super civilization instead attributing the ruins to the inhabitants of the Titicaca basin. There are varying reports on the weight of the largest stones ranging from 140 tons to 800 tons, with the larger number often provided by sources leaning towards alternative explanations on how the site was built. Identical "nested square" symbols can be found on stone stelas in the museum at Pukara. Available at: https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology-latest-historical-news/new-discoveries-tiwanaku-puma-punku-lost-statue-021912, Lamoureux, A. The architectural historian Jean-Pierre Protzen from University of California, Berkeley states that in the past it often has been argued that among the buildings at Ollantaytambo the monumental structures (e. g. the Wall of the six monoliths) were the work of the earlier Tiwanaku culture and have been reused by the Incas: An argument persists that the Wall of the six monoliths and the vanished structures from which the blocks have been recycled predate the Incas and were work of the earlier Tiahuanaco culture. (Adwo /Adobe Stock). Now that we have the technology to find their remains beneath the seas of the world, we're finding more and more. Who didnt like these noses to dothisso consistently and violently, across continents? Until recently, conventional wisdom suggested that the desertion was prompted by a severe, prolonged drought that ravaged the crops and made sustaining a large urban population impossible. These sculptures show fearsome traits of predatory animals, they crouch or kneel while clutching a human head in one hand and an axe in the other. , noted that the massive chunks of granite were seemingly scattered around like childrens toy blocks as if a giant cataclysm laid waste to Puma Punku in one fell swoop. The red sandstone and andesite stones were cut in such a precise way that its as if they were cut using a diamond tool, and they can fit perfectly into and lock with each other. At the west entrance of Pumapunku Totora-reed stones were found. These stones, he wrote, suggest prefabrication not found at the other Tiwanaku sites. And it would have been filled with people. (Skeptics have hypothesized reed boats and ramps.). His writings about the Puma Punku stones in Tiwanaku have been kept alive by Graham Hancock and other writers who defer to Posnanskys dating of the site to support their theories. [4][12], Notable features at Pumapunku are I-shaped architectural cramps, composed of a unique copper-arsenic-nickel bronze alloy. ( Matyas Rehak /Adobe Stock). But what they left behind was so magnificent that when the Inca found its ruins 500 years later, they thought Pumapunku must be the spot where the gods had created the world. Owing to the work of University of California Berkeley researchers, Puma Punku mapping has brought the ancient archaeological site into perspective. 11,000-Year-Old Shigir Idol Dated Twice as Old as the Pyramids, John Anthony West: Pioneer of Ancient Civilization Theories Passes Away, Scientists Think Our Ancestors Spoke One Mother Language. Another group of archaeologists used the carbon dating method to date the construction of Puma Punku to between 400-600 AD. The Pumapunku complex is an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on the Pumapunku platform mound. No matter how fine the hammerstone's point, it could never produce the crisp right interior angles seen on Tiahuanaco stonework. These sites continue to be studied and more are being discovered. It is little wonder that Puma Punku continues to draw in curious minds with so many unanswered questions and alternative theories available to understanding its origins and creation. Available at: https://amarilo.com.co/blog/especial/el-misterio-de-puma-punku/, Ancient-Wisdom, (n.d.) Puma Punku. Ancient-Wisdom. It is one of the main features of the Pre-Columbian Tiwanaku archaeological complex , which also includes the Akapana and Akapana East stepped platforms, the Kalasasaya, Putuni, and Kheri Kala enclosures, and the Semi-Subterranean Temple. Stone portraits Tiwanaku, Bolivia. [9][10], After the area was mapped with a drone in 2016, the results showed the site has a size of seventeen hectares of which only two hectares are unearthed. Archaeologist Neil Steede, for example, has discussed how the astronomical alignments of the main temple at the site do suggest that it was built to coincide with the summer and winter solstices and the spring equinox as these events would have been seen 17,000 years ago. Several conflicting theories attempt to imagine the ways this labor force transported the stones, although these theories remain speculative. [3][5], Archaeologists dispute the transport of these stones was by the large labor force of ancient Tiwanaku. ( Matyas Rehak /Adobe Stock). Different jobs were associated with different degrees of prestige. ", One gateway at Pumapunku with similar iconography to the Gateway of the Sun, Nested structures which are typical for Pumapunku Style architecture, Cramp technique at Tiwanaku (above) compared to the one in, Vranich, A., 2006, "The Construction and Reconstruction of Ritual Space at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: A.D. 500-1000. Though its clear the writing is in the roman alphabet, its meaning remains indecipherable. Just after World War II, Austrian archaeologist Arthur Posnansky had a hypothesis that was far ahead of his time. Here we are, a century-and-a-half later, and irrepressible rumors continue to grow that Puma Punkus massively heavy stone block structures were cut so precisely that highly advanced, ancient technology seems to be the only explanation for their craftsmanship. Card notes that Pumapunku is a fixture of books and television programs on alternative archeology and especially ancient aliens. Vranich said the ruins were reminiscent of a giant Lego set, and he said, We attempted to capitalize on archaeologists learned ability to visualize and mentally rotate irregular objects in space by providing them with 3-D printed objects that they could physically manipulate., Gizmodo notes that Puma Punku was an advanced Andean architectural achievement. Puma Punku is a beautiful and true wonder of the ancient world. Faces carved by the Tiwanaku at Tiwanaku City, an example of the art the great civilization left behind. These structures include the wall foundations of buildings and compounds, water conduits, pool-like features, revetments, terraces, residential compounds, and widespread gravel pavements, all of which are buried and hidden beneath the modern ground surface. [34], At Pumapunku and other areals of Tiwanaku such as Kantatayita doubly curved lintels with complicated surfaces were found. Unable to produce the massive crop yields necessary for their large population, the Tiwanaku apparently scattered into the local mountain ranges, then disappeared shortly thereafter. February 5, 2023. by Dean Johnston. It grew and expanded as its people did, reflecting the increasing power of the civilization that built and rebuilt it over hundreds of years. The dead were often mummified, and occasionally bones show evidence of heavy cuts and scratch marks suggesting defleshing with sharp tools may have been a regular part of Tiwanaku burial practices. Brian Dunning, the host of the Skeptoid podcast, described the sites row of H-shaped blocks that have approximately 80 faces on them; and all matching each other with great precision. Available at: http://arquehistoria.com/puma-punku-el-lugar-de-los-bloques-imposibles-15941, Robinson, J.P. (2019) The High-Tech Stonework of the Ancients: Unsolved Mysteries of Master Engineers. Ancient Origins. The geophysical data collected from these surveys and excavations indicate the presence of numerous man-made structures in the area between the Pumapunku and Kalasasaya complexes. The spiritual significance and the sense of wonder might be amplified into a "mind-altering and life-changing experience"[46] through the use of hallucinogenic plants. I found two sources that may shed light on this question, it won't completely demystify the Puma Punku riddle but it might help getting a bit closer to the true intentions of the builders. The ruins of Puma Punku are one of four structures in the ancient city of Tiahuanaco. The Pumapunku is a terraced earthen mound faced with blocks. Pumapunku, a name that means "door of the puma," was a holy site started between 500 and 600 CE. (Matyas Rehak /Adobe Stock). We may add one more possible clue to this story. Pumapunku, also spelled Puma Punku, is the remains of a holy site in the jungles of Bolivia that has attracted much attention as of late. The two most revealing As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. The general belief is that droughts and possibly civil unrest caused the inhabitants to seek refuge in the surrounding hills. When an Austrian explorer named Arthur Posnansky performed a study on Puma Punku back in 1926 he put forward the idea that its one of the oldest archaeological sites on the face of Earth - dating back to at least 13,000 BC. Smaller andesite blocks for stone facing and carvings came from quarries within the Copacabana Peninsula about 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from and across Lake Titicaca from the Pumapunku and the rest of the Tiwanaku Site. But the Inca were quick to realize the sacred nature of the site and soon added their own mythical story to it. ,". To get there, visitors have to travel to Brittany and then take a path from a hard-to-access hamlet called Illien Ar Guen. Beneath the kilometer of arid earth that separates Pumapunku from the nearby Kalasasaya monument, archeologists and surveyors have discovered hundreds of buried homes and the evidence of vast irrigation systems that would have turned the surrounding desert green. Puma Punku - Google My Maps Puma Punku Puma Punku Sign in Open full screen to view more This map was created by a user. The fragments of five andesite gateways with similar characteristics to the Gateway of the Sun were found. Like the Inca after them, they practiced human sacrifice, disemboweling and dismembering victims as part of a ritual dedication to the gods. The debate on Puma Punkus construction date and its builders continues. Spanish Conquistadors and others who visited the site during the 16th and 17th centuries described it as a wondrous, though unfinished, building with gateways and windows carved from single blocks., Pumapunku displayed a level of craftsmanship that was largely unparalleled in the pre-Columbian New World, and its often considered the architectural peak of Andean lithic technology prior to the arrival of the Europeans. Mounting evidence from around the Earth indicates that humans made the leap to real civilization MUCH further back in antiquity than we originally thought and may have established a sea-faring, organized-trade civilization that had outposts over much of the world all this about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. [51] The archeologist Jeb J. If these statues are former rulers of the region, how do the co-called mainstream archaeologists explain the statues and with full heavy beards? David Childress, the author of Lost Cities and Ancient Mysteries of South America, noted that the massive chunks of granite were seemingly scattered around like childrens toy blocks as if a giant cataclysm laid waste to Puma Punku in one fell swoop. Available at: https://allthatsinteresting.com/pumapunku, Peque, J.M. Available at: https://www.theepochtimes.com/enduring-mystery-surrounds-the-ancient-site-of-puma-punku_1053085.html, Dunning, B. The purpose of the enormous structures has yet to be explained. Visual History Online-Nachschlagewerk fr die historische Bildforschung: "Palaces and Politics in the Andean Middle Horizon", "The secrets of Tiwanaku, revealed by a drone", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, "Drugs Found in Hair of Ancient Andean Mummies", "Reckoning with the Popular Uptake of Alien Archaeology", Interactive Archaeological Investigation at Pumapunku Temple, "Skeptoid #202: The Non-Mystery of Puma Punku", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pumapunku&oldid=1152279530, an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on a man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental complex on top, sifted and layered soils (mound), andesite (superstructure), sandstone (foundation and internal channels), ternary CuAsNi bronze alloy (cramps), mortar of lime and sand with ground-up malachite (turquoise green plaster floor), clay (red floor), This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 07:51.
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