That is, words that a persona maleducata would use Like when people say blessed such and such when they really mean cursed such and so. I so enjoyed reading through this! I still use them quite regularly For the ones performing professional translations from English to Italian, the specialized terms found in our dictionary are very helpful. !Thanks to Tony Soprano, my 16 year old thinks its so cool to say gabbagulto my mothers dismay. "Collins Italian Dictionary 2nd Edition 2005 HarperCollins Publishers 2005", Access desktop version Naples dialect. The posters description is more appropriately linked to the official Italian word stonato which has probably evolved into Italian dialect along the line of stonato > stunatu > stunadu > stunad (Ital. hey, man! It contains over 95638 terms and 212602 translations in both English and Italian and continues to grow and improve. Its like having my grandmother here with me. First is something like ahge [AHJH] use to describe the feeling of being full (especially in your chest and throat) after eating greasy food. Greetings! There was even a restaurant by that name, but of course it was spelled phonetically Bajagaloops and was not a real Italian restaurant. As I understand it, a person describing another as a morto di fame is not wishing for that person to die from hunger. gibone possibly from the French gibbon( monkey ) meaning a jerk. My moms parents were born in Sicily, and my dads mother in Calabria (his father from the north, near Treviso). He was from Rome.. My grandma used to say fazzaneegol ,I spelled it out how it sounded when she said it) for basil.she was from avellino . Hai visto? This was great. Sicily is very distinct from Italy. Id love to take my family! Have you ever heard this? So many of the comparisons here to standard Italian are really comparisons between two different dialects. no, she meant maron! Tips for Utilizing Italian Dictionary Apps to Suit Your Needs. This is fantastic! Does anyone know this word and how it should be spelled? See my website, mrsdrinkwater.com; also my article in wetheitalians.com. They give you gatz, or ga gatz. meaning nothing. I live in the South now and half the time I have no idea wth these people are talking about. Also try all the other free bilingual PONS online dictionaries available on this site. Is anyone familiar with this term? le ose se cudava. CHECK OUT YOU TUBE FOR TOP 40 HITS OF 1945 BY SAMMY KAYEWORDS AND MUSIC.HAVE FUN SINGING IT WITH YOUR KIDS ETC.CIAO ANGELO STREET BRAT FROM THE BRONX NOW IS BOSTON. (lascilo!) Ive heard that belief before, but I think a lot of ethnicities believe it. Yo, this is the best. like umbriago which means no good drunker. Of or relating to Italy or its people, language, or culture. Rege mangia love (The king eats eggs?!) be quiet! Anyone have a clue? When we got too loud, my dad would say, with a rising inflection (and some frustration), Stai zitto!. : means: They left. . Anyone know the rest or the correct words? This leads me to believe that the case for making a connection between spusdada and spostata is much stronger than assuming that spusdada and spusada are referring to the same thing. The WordReference English-Italian Dictionary is a living, growing dictionary. Id almost forgotten it. litterall translation is ( go to naples your father and your sisters ass.). Anyone ever hear the word spusada? your a true italian! While in the general dictionary you will find usual words and expressions from the famous publisher Collins, in the Collaborative Dictionary you will discover slang terms, technical translations, familiar words and expressions, regionalisms that are difficult to find in the traditional online dictionaries. Di [], Thank you for a delightful trip down the memory lane of Brooklyn 60s-70s. Dear Fellows, I really dont believe my eyes..ive been looking around for ages , for someone to share the dictionary of..my Granma who used to speak the Sicilian-American dialect. His mother, who died soon after his birth, also had blue eyes and blonde hair. I do a one-woman show on two Italian-American women. There are more words, but I hope these bring back memories. For example gar-bi-che (for garbage) yard-a (for yard) and bassa-men-to for basement). During family gatherings we lifted our glasses to toast the occasion while everyone shouted []. Some of the words I did not find here Abeetz for pizza; lacho bijok eat ct; possibly from lancia bigiocco(?) American - definition, audio pronunciation and more for American: 1. of or from America 2. a person from the United States: See more in the Cambridge English-Italian Dictionary - Cambridge Dictionary -ah-speth-a-mee-notes (wait a minute) There are no standard or unique ways to spell, etc. Reading through this thread has filled me with nostalgia! Stunador stonato is still heard very very frequently and is used as the equivalent of our American English term stoned..meaning as you correctly indicate out of itor dazed. Hello Karen, My family always used pizza frit for fried dough or zeppoli or st joes cake. I give you a 10 plus and more then excellent rating! My grandmother came here at age 13 in 1887 from a small town not far from Potenza. Another observation kez a deech Whaddya say as a greeting. Thats an easy one, to save time!!!! mind your own fing business! My father used these words all time. thats great . At school they taught us Castillan Spanish, which my teacher informed us nobody in Spain even uses anymore. (che cosa fai?) If someone from Spain tries to talk to me, I say: Im sorry, I dont speak Portugese and they ask me if I speak Spanish because they are speaking Spanish and not Portugese. It is used like Hey man! as greeting between mates. I love this so much! what the f are you doing? I didnt hear all of the words that you did, but some of them like gumba, basanagol, scadol, and statazeet. My father and his comrades would migrate between English, Abruzzese and this fascinating dictionary listed above. What is your name? So, although you heard [d], the speaker was actually saying a t (which is softer in Italian, especially between vowels). I could see that as many of the words dont have a precise translation like scooch or stunad (the later erupts out my Midwestern mouth driving). We learned to speak their dialect. In Californias 1970s San Francisco Bay Area, a lot of us, who grew up with Sicilian in the home and among our family and friends, did not know until our high school Italian class teacher informed us, that what we knew, was not Italian: for example, idda and iddu were not Italian for he (Lui) and she (Lei); piccirriddu and piccirridda were not Italian for little boy (Ragazzino) and little girl (Ragazzina); and, areri was not Italian for again (di nuovo). I have another question- know this isnt the right place to post it, but how and where on this page do I start a new comment or question? It offers you quick access to synonyms, pronunciation and conjugation of a word, By adding words or expressions to the online dictionaries you can position yourself as a language expert, If you don`t know a word meaning you can start a discussion on it, or ask for its English Italian translation. While growing up in the Bronx, I never (fully) realized totality of the sacrifice made by those who left all behind to save their family and send money home to allow more to come to America and help family who were to old, frail or sick to make the voyage. And, in everyday life, for example, it was especially enlightening for us to discover that a scula pasta is a collander and a cupino is a ladle! In fact, when one of us kids would pour a big glass of water or milk ot whatever, my Dad would say, look at the pichadua, meaning like a big piss pot. German slur meaning "cat eater". fun, outgoing personalities LOVE for their families and freinds can always spice things up with a little scandal hold grudges FOREVER :) tend to have the same friends are never ashamed of their family very driven goal oriented people its own race separate from italians in italy very teasing and joking all of em are good cooks! I love this list for the pleasure it gives my Bronx-Italian husband out here in the Wild West. What are you doing? Youre wonderful! Its something like scia bid' or maybe scia vid (bs and vs tend to sound similar). My Italian mom and grandma (Bronx, NY) use the term ska-sha-Bong in reference to crappy cars. Im telling you because if you ever come to Italy and say that, it is really really unpolite , Also, to the writer of the post, cornuto is not the unfaithful husband but the husband whose wife is unfaithful . Only i have to say that a fess e soreta doesnt mean in your sisters face it is a bit more offensive (it means your sisters vagina to say it politely!) The real word would be chiacchierone (pronounced KYA-kye-RONE). Scudada = a rash on your butt (it hurt real bad) Many of the words/phrases on this list are familiar! My mom used to sing this to us as kids and then we used to sing it too. Italian Slang Dictionary A. accidente m. nothing, zip; (lit. Oh Well Whatcha Gonna Do? You may be referring to ma certo, meaning but of course. Malocchio - (Italian) - rhymes with Pinocchio, literally means "the evil eye" and is an Italian curse. Yes. (guarda la ciunca!) Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? He made an analogy to Puerto Rico becoming part of America, but had a distinct history. If so, do you know what dialect it is? He said, what if you are saying something bad. I set out to prove him wrong and your website has left me corrected! You should be proud of your very interesting and diverse sicilian ancestry. Also, unification was not so peaceful either, Sicilians fought against many invaders and conquerors through the centuries, including when Italy was unified. Have yet to make the trip,but on my bucket list. Without a repository for these words, they will likely be lost, as pidgin languages are difficult to sustain. Laura. (not sure if im spelling it right) Linguists classify Sicilian as a language, not a dialect. They will always be saved in the comments section, which itself is a living document of the culture. I forgot to mention fesse meant fool, also. your articles? watch out, youre gonna get hurt! Vinnie from Buffalo & now in Cincinnati. The meaning of this phrase as I understood it growing up was bold or brazen or I believe it meant ditzy or stupid. fuocu mio means = my fire! Another popular phrase that I grew up with was to say when seeing someone, Wai-i-o? (Literally pronounce, Y-E-O). Ill have to ask my grandma to see if that checks out. As a child while eating I would be asked did you eat your chicche? Or eat your chicche!. example: official Italian scopa (broom) becomes scupa It would not be understood by the new generation(schooling) which teach the Fiorentine dialect or offical Italian. It is easy to see how compare in official Italian gets repeated as goomba, the [k] sound becomes [g] and the vowel [o] becomes prounced as a [u] (written here as oo). Audio Collins Mini Gem English-Italian Dictionary by MobiSystems, Inc. Wiktionary. My grandmother used the word ashpeta (phonetic) for wait. I have long since left Long Island and after my son asked me for the umpteenth time what maron meant, I had to confess it was just an expression I picked up. Who knowsmaybe a reference to a local guy in the old country who was a big shot (bigga shotta). I cant find the word WYUN pronounced WHY-OON anywhere. So there you have it, now you can call someone a fart in two italian dialects. (do you) understand? [FWEE-dee-DOW-goo], gabbadost/gab a tost hardhead (capa dura/capa tosta), gabbagul/gabbagool type of meat/food/idiot/fool (capicola/capocollo/capacolla) [gaa-baa-GOOL], gabbaruss/gab a russ redhead (capo rosso) [gaa-baa-ROOS], gabbadeegats/capa di cazz ball face (capo di cazzo) [gaa-baa-dee-GATS], gabish?/capish?/gabisc? Gumba Italian was the lingua Franca irrigardlass of national origen. Never heard ming-ya-roll but a phrase we still use in my family is meeng-ya-moda, this refers to someone who tends to do things in a sloppy, lazy way. We played Brisco and Scoppa too and we learned all the tricky ways of cheating and signaling your partner too. Our ancestors did not lack for colorful expressive phrases that squarely and succinctly hit their intended mark. ), i-malano-miau! My mom and grandparents always used to say what sounded like Yamma Jane whenever it was time to get going. I grew up in Queens second generation Italian, my father grew up in Brooklyn with his parents that imigrated from Avellino and this reminded me of them soooo much. CIAO-CHEE-OW=GOODBY-HELLOSHORT FOR CE VEDIAMO=CHE-VEH-DEE-AHMO, AGITA (n): common usage for upset/stressful stomach problem.. AGITARE means to agitate. I would REALLY love to know more about this next word. All rights reserved. Go beyond dictionary lookups with Word of the Day, facts and observations on language, lookup trends, and wordplay from the editors at Merriam-Webster Dictionary. English doesnt have the gli sound, per se, but has some characteristics of English y and l, true. saluta. I am told that is from the norman influence. What about BEE-shi or the long form BEE-sho-LEEN? Hoping someone can help figure out what nonni was saying! My grandmothers family came from Calabria and my grandfathers family came from Naples. Una volta cherre uno Once upon a time there was one ACIDOAH-CHEE-DOE=ACID STOMACH I remember a lot of them, and if interest is still here, I can post them. this dictionary is very interesting: it shows how lively a language can be and its amazing how people can transform it! When searching for a word, you get as results translations from the general dictionary, and words and expressions added by users. Meaning wait some of us say Aspett for short (ahh-spet-ah/ahh-spet). Please feel free to add to our ongoing comments section to share your words and stories! Or, mezza stunard; scumbari; gatzee (maybe from Yiddish) and chiaccheressa (chatterbox) something I was often accused of being. My grandfather was from Naples and he would sing to his grandchildren the following song: My other used to say something that was supposed to mean may you be eaten by rats or I hope the rats eat you and it sounded like get the mongenay zuddicci but I could never find it anywhere to know the real translation because her italian pronunciation left a lot to be desired since she was born in the US but we lived in Rockland County in NY and her dad and mom were Italian. Also, what about un-gwike-ya? It can refer to someone who is a hard working person, such as Father is working so hard that he is sweating blood (getta lo sangue) to support the family. I think Im only either 3rd or 4th gen (great grandparents came over in their 20s and had my grandpa), but still hear (as well as use) these from all my family. Quanto costa? Wow, great job. Anyone have any clue? My father, god rest his soul, would say gabbagul and supra sabut he was Naballidon. to kill. young goats) just as children are sometimes so called in English. Its a fave. This sure reminds me of our experience. or its variation in Ital. dialect). Shcafadeel un gool which means shove it up your _ss You omitted FART which I believe is: I thought that was the word for bleach cause I used the word in class once (ONLY) & everyone (teacher too) thought I was Oobatz!! Maybe something slang about the wake of life?. My family immigrated to Boston and Providence!! Firsr looked up poltergeist presenza demonica no correlarion there. Hey, this totally sounds like my relatives in Canada, who are italian immigrants! So your phonetic perception is quite accurate. Oo-di! would mean Oh, God! O Dio! Mopeen is a made up word for a dishtowel. oh my God! This is a wonderful forum, thank you. dialect). His reaction was What? In this example, (iett u sang as a calabrese would pronouce it), litterally is to throw away the blood, in the meaning of to have ones blood suck it away from oneself. Standard Italian would have been fogasse or foccacia. They used to use a word that I cant find anywhere. Learn more. When someone was upset with someone they said this. mmm maybe li surici (Italian i sorci. However, some, I never knew exactly what they meant. [goo-yaa-ZAA-boo], gidrul stupid person (cetriolo) [jih-DROOL], haicapid do you understand? It was definitely informative. I have a cousin who when we get together still says Hey! I think it was an ironic euphemism in place of real swear words. THE SLANG EXPRESSION SCASHADECOMES FROM THE VERB Thanks! Pirito: fart in the Sicilian dialect, You are all welcome. Thats because the immigrants all spoke dialect, mostly from the Italian Southern regions. incorrect spelling but the word is pronounced gen-don. (sei senti fame?) I know there is a ton that you dont have in there yet but I always waondered why my father and grand father would say Putiga when suprised or as if to say oh my god. Avellino to be more precise. Hmmph. I heard many of these growing up. Hi Ralph, My mother wanted her children to be American first, so she would ask her brothers and sisters to please only speak English around the children. paes. 2023 How even an . apertu. However, from what I am reading here, high school Italian would not have done me much good in talking to real people. (BTW: If you have a RECIPE for St. Josephs Bread (Sicilian) made with anise seeds, please post. ; Note: Popularized in the 1970s by The Godfather character Santino Corleone, biangolin bleach (bianco lino) [byaan-GO-leen], bicciuridu my little boy/my little baby (piccolo bambino) [BEECH-oo-REE-doo], bisgott cookie (biscotti) [beesh-GAWT], boombots nickname for an idiot (u pazzo); Note: As in Vinnie Boombots [boom-BAATS], boxugeddu box (box per oggetti) [baax-oo-JED-oo], braggiol meat and sauce/male anatomy (bracciole) [BRAAJH-oel], brosciutt/prosciutt italian ham (prosciutto) [BRAAJH-oot]/[PRAAJH-oot], buttagots/butta gazz annoying idiot (buttana u cazzo) [boo-taa-GAATS], buttann/puttann b_tch/whore (putanna); Note: more mild than sciaquadell [boo-TAAN], calabres Calabrian (calabrese); Note: can refer to people, objects, customs, etc. Funny to see how similar the American Italian I heard growing up is to the Northeast version! Thanks.. My grandmother used to say (phonetic spelling) Guanda belle! Meaning beautiful one I think. Im from Chicago and my mothers family came from Naples. 3. I have looked everywhere for something like this. You filled in some blanks and the comments filled in some more !!! Ficonazz-nosy In it he uses baniarol (banyarol) and scaciata (scashata), which mean bathtub and smash or squish. (WHAT did you call me?). . Very cool. It made my day, as did this list! Hope this helped. This will be the official hub of everything related to AmericanItalian. My grandma and mother used to call it cooley, too. Which is to say what do you have to say ?. American Italian is an Italian-American pidgin language developed in the early 20th century by Italian immigrants settling in American cities and metropolitan areas, especially in New York and New Jersey. we used to say scolapasta, drain pasta. Oh I totally didnt make that connection to dice. YouTube.com/MoeBellaGloria. where does it hurt? hello ciao. Also, you are comparing the written Italian (which is a static graphic representation) to a spoken dialect (which is a living dynamic language). Or, browse the Cambridge Dictionary index, GLOBAL ItalianEnglish Learner's Dictionary 2018 K DICTIONARIES LTDPASSWORD ItalianEnglish Learner's Dictionary 2014 K DICTIONARIES LTD. KERNERMAN SEMI-BILINGUAL DICTIONARIESBased on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman. Very few people at the time had indoor plumbing and homes had outhouses in the back. These words are still used today in italian american homes and communities. get down from there! This is the official dictionary and hub of American Italian (containing the approximate spellings, meanings, etymology, and pronunciations), so it is not lost forever. This was used for a meal that was just thrown together by a medigan. Growing up in Bensonhurst, 2nd generation Italian this was correct Italian dialect to us. leave him alone! Alot of Gabbagul was taken from American and italianized. Ciao Linda: Im originally for East Boston. When I would ask what that meant they would say, since I was just a 10 year old kid, It means Your toast is in the oven. One thing my husband and I say that we dont know the true meaning of is fungi kanoobalees (phoentic). Oo vidi?. (sei senti fame?) When they asked to use the toilet facilities, they were told it was in the back of the house. This phrase was Italianized and became the word, baccahous. Correct my second possibility which would be HALF SAID = META DI DETTA. We grew up hearing bedda matri mia, not mamma mia. I know now that this was a leftover from Arabic, a Sicilian dialect thing. I learned the answer to my question: my Calabresi grandpa was saying (phonetic) mal educad' badly educated but he used it to mean something just didnt work right, or was broken. My mothers parents were from Salemi in Trapani, Sicilia, and we grew up (in Boston) hearing many of these words. It brings back a lot of memories. Your website provided us useful details in order to work on. drop 2 or 3 slices at a time into the vinegar for about 5 seconds (LogOut/ Some are fried with a piece of salt cod (baccala) inside, sort of a dumpling and served in place of bread at the traditional meatless meal of the pre-Vatican II Christmas Vigil. I feel your pain. I believe hard-headed is testa dura. WordReference. It is based on the Italian language,butit contains a mixture of Sicilian- and Neapolitan-inspired dialect words and phrases as well as English words. Thanks. (mah-down, with down like own). 2.PieryallahmeeZzeryia or Manayeeaha LA Mizeria Per la Miseria. I found a link to it once on the web but forgot to save it. (non fai scumbari) [NOO-moo fai shkoom-baa-REE], oobatz/patz crazy person (un pazzo/u pazzu) [oo-BAATZ], paesan fellow Italian countryman (paesano) [pai-ZAAN], pasta vasul Italian soup (pasta fagioli) [pasta-faa-ZOOL], pastin small, star-shaped pasta (pastina) [paa-STEEN], pizzagain Italian meat pie (pizzagaina) [pizza-GAIN], pizzolino afternoon nap (pisolino) [peetz-o-LEE-no], provalon type of cheese (provalone) [pro-v-LOAN], pucchiach/bucchiach bch (pucchiacha) [poo-KYAAK], rigott Italian cheese (ricotta) [ree-GAUWT], salud/salut be in good health (salute) [zaa-LOOD], shape-la-tass shape of a cup (shape of la tazza) [shape-aa-laa-taatz], scharol/scarol escarole/money (scarola) [shkaa-ROAL], schif/shkeeve to be disgusted by something (schifo) [shkeef], schifozz disgusting thing (schifosa) [shkee-VOATZ], scorchamend/scocciament a pain in the ass (scocciamento) [scorch-aa-MEND], scoochi-di-bandanz a real pain [scooch-ee-dee-baan-DANZ], scustumad stupid person (scostumato) [skoo-stoo-MAAD], sciumara river (fiumara) [shoo-MAA-raa], scobendo to sweep the floor (scopare) [sko-BEN-doe], scubata/scupata get laid (scopato) [SKOO-baa-taa], sculabast pasta strainer (scola la pasta) [skoo-laa-BAAST], scungill/scongigl cooked snail (sconciglio) [skoon-JEEL], sedeti/sededi sit down (sedeteti) [SEH-daa-dee], sesenta fame? Id love to know more about it. I recently ran across an Italian whose last name is Stucatz. Eegats is possibly English-to-Italian, like baccausa., Ye gods and little fishes is the English expression. (come si chiama?) (awundi?) It sounded sort of like em-bah or bah. Thanks a lot for Live Well, Laugh Often, and Love with all your heart. My Northern Italian mother used to say, in a situation where in English we might say, Well, he made a real pigs ear/dogs dinner/unholy mess outta that! shed say a pasticcia, to mean a jumble, which word I discovered later literally means pie filling, as in the word pastry(dough with a filling). My family moved from Philly around 1900 to CT. Any suggestions at how to spell it phonetically? ring. Many Gabbagool words are taken from Italiandialects, and different Italians in different areas spoke their dialects differently. American Italianis an Italian-American pidgin languagedeveloped in the early 20th century by Italian immigrants settling in American cities and metropolitanareas, especially in New York and New Jersey. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. [maa-KAY-quest], maddiul/mariul fool/rascal (mariolo) [maa-dee-OOL], maliocch the evil eye (malocchio) [maal-YOAK], mamaluke idiot/fool (mamalucco) [maa-maa-LOUK], mannaggia damn/cursing (male ne aggia/male ne abbia) [MAA-NAA-juh], mannaggia dial curse the devil (male ne aggia il diavolo) [MAA-NAA-juh-dee-owl], mannaggia la mort cursing death (male ne aggia la morta) [MAA-NAA-juh-dee-owl], mannaggia la miseria cursing misery (male ne aggia la miseria) [MAA-NAA-juh-MEE-seh-ree-uh], manigott italian pasta (manicotti) [maa-NEE-gauwt], mapeen/mopeen/mappin napkin/towel (moppina) [maa-PEEN], maranad marinara sauce (marinara) [maa-raa-NAAD], maronna mia! Napiltons (Neopolitans from Naples) are criticized even in Italy for dropping all the endings of words. It is based on the Italian language,butit contains a mixture of Sicilian- and Neapolitan-inspired dialect words and phrases as well as English . skee-votesI wonder if thats where the term: it skeeves me comes from. oh my God! Oh, thank you for this! I havent yet read every word in the comments but I will, when I have time. Mi fa cagare literally translates to "it makes me poop.". In Italian: Dove sei andato? Tuto fa-shad all messed up You can complete the translation of American given by the English-Italian Collins dictionary with other dictionaries such as: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Larousse dictionary, Le Robert, Oxford, Grvisse Also, in Godfather II, the young Tessio when bringing the young Vito to the fancy house and couldnt find the key says to Vito, Ming-ya and that is something that was said in my home many times only it sounded more like ming-ya-roll. Still use some of these to teach my own kids now I have more! Also this from Sicilian grandmotherexclamation, Oh, Maria Santissima! Translated to Oh, most sainted mother!. As we try to make it easy for you to translate into Italian the English words and expressions, you are given the possibility to see synonyms of a word, conjugate it and obtain the word pronunciation, or even add another meaning to the English-Italian dictionary, all these in only one click on the word. allocco m. a stupid person, a jerk; (lit. Yes we did! A woga a woga My husband says it all the time. Have also heard it unkindly applied to peoplenot nice ! It was so funny. My dad used mostly Italian curse words. Jim, Gette u sangue, or variations in dialects for gette il sangue would mean to spit or let (throw) out the blood. [maa-ROAWN-aa-MEE-uh], menzamenz half and half (mezza mezza) [mehnz-AA-mehnz], mezzamort half-dead (mezzo morto) [METZA-moart], mortadell Italian sausage/loser (mortadella) [moart-aa-DELL], mortadafam really hungy/starving (morta da fame) [moart-aa-daa-faam], muccatori tissue (fazzoletto) [moo-kaa-TOE-ree], musciad mushy (musciata/ammosciato) [moo-SHYAAD], moosh-miauw very mushy (musciata miau) [moosh-meow], muzzarell/muzzadell Italian cheese (mozzarella) [mootz-aa-DELL], medigan non-Italian american/Italian who has lost his roots (americano) [meh-dee-GAAN], napoleedan/napuletan Neapolitan (napolitano) [naa-paa-lee-DAAN], numu fai shcumbari! fdcc annual meeting 2022, how to skive leather with razor blade, ontario city council elections,
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