We, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance adopted by us in convention on the twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly of this State ratifying amendments of the said Constitution, are hereby repealed; and that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of the "United States of America," is hereby dissolved. The troops then confronted the revenue cutter U.S.S. A state's sovereign right to secede. The other . Texas, Mississippi, Georgia and South Carolina all issued additional documents, usually referred to as the "Declarations of Causes," which explain their decision to leave the Union. Lewis Cass, stationed at Mobile to collect U.S. tariffs. Florida's Ordinance of Secession . She earned her M.A. Moderates were also placated by a motion to continue the ban on the African slave trade. Faust, Patricia L. (Patricia L. Faust ed.). The Declaration of Causes made by Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union. Copyright 2023 The Dorothy Tapper Goldman Foundation. Alabama was the fourth state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861. The Government of the United States claimed territory by virtue of the treaty of 1783 with Great Britain, acquired territory by cession from Georgia and North Carolina, by treaty from France, and by treaty from Spain. This page is not available in other languages. Following Abraham Lincoln's election, on November 6, 1860, Governor Madison Starke Perry called on Florida to join with other southern states seceeding from the United States. That so much of the first section of the seventh article of the constitution of this State as requires members of the Legislature and all officers, executive and judicial, to take an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States be, and the same is hereby, abrogated and annulled. In addition, Kathleen was a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park from 2010-2014 and has worked on various other publications and projects. Alabama, in February 1861. Had it convened, it would have been overwhelmingly pro-Union. in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the constitution of the United States of America was assented to, ratified and adopted, and also all acts and parts of acts of the general assembly of this State, ratifying and adopting amendments to said constitution, are hereby repealed, rescinded and abrogated. We do further declare and ordain, That all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States, or any act of Congress, or treaty, or under any law of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in force and have the same effect as if this ordinance had not been passed. Printed document of the State of Texas' Declaration of Secession from the United States of America. The controlling majority of the Federal Government, under various pretences and disguises, has so administered the same as to exclude the citizens of the Southern States, unless under odious and unconstitutional restrictions, from all the immense territory owned in common by all the States on the Pacific Ocean, for the avowed purpose of acquiring 1 REEL INDEX John Fletcher Comer . The Alabama Secession January 11, 2021 WalterCoffey Alabama, Secession 2 comments Three days before the Alabama State Convention was scheduled to begin at Montgomery, Governor Andrew B. Moore issued orders for state troops to seize all Federal forts and military facilities in Alabama. While historians agree that slavery was a fundamental cause of the war and southern secession, many in the public still contest this historical interpretation. The letter was signed by Robert Jemison Jr. and thirty-two members of the 1861 secession convention. He perused the documents of the Secession Convention and nothing turned up to support its official adoption. Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State. State by state, conventions were held, and the Confederacy was . The work of the historian is based on the documents and evidence left by the actors of historical events. Describe Alabama's secession process. Later this month, Alabama troops seized the lighthouse tender U.S.S. Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State The secessionists were led primarily by Democrats, including Senator Clingman, Governor John W. Ellis (1820-1861), Congressman Thomas Ruffin (1820-1863), and former Congressman William S. Ashe (1814-1862). Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Grant Remembers the Surrender and Victory at Vicksburg, "Rejoicing Over the Proclamation" Primary Source Questions, A Brief Overview of the American Civil War, The Gathering Storm: The Secession Crisis. 1861, Library of Congress Act I documents (Attached) (From "Alabama Will Secede," "Alabama Out of the Union," "The Secession Jubilee," and "Alabama's Ordinance of Secession." The first three are articles published in the Montgomery Advertiser. In this essay, the author. Document to the people of Alabama from thirty-three men at the 1861 secession convention explaining why they did not sign the Ordinance of Secession. This page was last edited on 29 December 2017, at 18:34. Montgomery, Alabama. Be it ordained, That we do hereby forever sever our connection with the Government of the United States, and in the name of the people we do hereby declare Kentucky to be a free and independent State, clothed with all power to fix her own destiny and to secure her own rights and liberties. Adopted by the convention of Virginia April 17,1861 ratified by a vote of 132,201 to 37,451 on 23 May 1861. These are great resources to use in the classroomI do an exercise with these documents whenever I teach secession to my studentsbut also for those who want to engage in the practice of history and better understand the causes of secession. We do further declare and ordain, That the State of Louisiana hereby resumes all rights and powers heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America; that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said Government; and that she is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which appertain to a free and independent State. Sec 2. This edition is from Ordinances and Constitution of the State of Alabama (1861). The governor sent a force to take the Fort Smith arsenal, and Arkansas regiments began organizing to fight for the South. what southern cross was waved? day of January, A.D. 1861. In Alabama's secession document it states the they are receding partially because they wanted to uphold the laws that promote slavery, where as Lincoln did not. The demand was followed by an offer: I am instructed also to notify you, that you have the option to continue in command of the said revenue cutter, under the authority of the State of Alabama, in the exercise of the same duties that you have hitherto rendered to the United States, and at the same compensation, reporting to this office and to the Governor of the State. The captain accepted, and by months end, Alabamans had expelled most Federal personnel from their state. First. ill go w the Bonny Blue or the Rep of AL secession flag but not the southern cross, unless you know something i dont know. The people of Virginia in their ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America, adopted by them in convention on the twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, having declared that the powers granted under said Constitution were derived from the people of the United States and might be resumed whensoever the same should be perverted to their injury and oppression, and the Federal Government having perverted said powers not only to the injury of the people of Virginia, but to the oppression of the Southern slave-holding States: SEC. A rich new perspective on the events leading up to the Civil War and will prove an invaluable tool for understanding the central crisis in American politics. Alabama Ordinance of Secession of 1861. Sec. In the "volunteer state," the memory of Andrew . Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States. Your email address will not be published. On January 11, 1861, a convention of elected delegates passed an ordinance withdrawing Alabama . Secession itself occurred in two phases, sparked by specific events in 1860 and 1861. Facsimile of the 1861 Ordinance of Secession signed by 293 delegates to the. to secede. First. President Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus and overwhelming Union military intervention aimed at protecting Washington blocked the Maryland legislature, or any other group in Maryland, from considering secession further after the legislature overwhelmingly rejected calling a secession convention but retained some notion of limiting cooperation with the Union and military coercion. ________________________________________VIRGINIA The remaining slave-holding states had to decide whether they would side with the Union against the South or secede and join the new Confederacyfour states decided to leave. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Confederate States of America : Documents Declarations of Secession Georgia; January 29, 1861 Mississippi South Carolina; December 24, 1860 Texas; February 2, 1861 Messages and Papers of the Confederacy Constitution for the Provisional Government; February 8, 1861 Within days, southern states were organizing secession conventions. consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted Peter Brannon of the Alabama Department of Archives and History the flag was not officially adopted as the Republic of Alabama flag. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Required fields are marked *. Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh day of January, A.D. 1861. Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in This ordinance shall take effect and be an act of this day, when ratified by a majority of the voter of the people of this State cast at a poll to be taken thereon on the fourth Thursday in May next, in pursuance of a schedule hereafter to be enacted. The convention met in Tallahassee, Florida's capital, for seven days. The "Secession Movement," political cartoon, ca. Prior to 1861, the people of Tennessee had resisted secessionist movements, believing that the Constitution and Union of the United States were beneficial and should be preserved. delegated to the Government of the United States of America, be and they are Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Schultz, Fred L. (Patricia L. Faust ed.). If it was mistaken, then so am I, but it was my understanding that the early versions of the southern cross were already being introduced as the southern states began seceding. Alabama Secession Banner of 1861 (U.S.) Last modified: 2012-02-11 by rick wyatt Keywords: . All Texas laws and regulations must comply with the Constitution or risk being invalidated by the state courts. Compiled from the census of 1860", "This date in Delaware history: State rejects secession, sticks to the Union in Civil War", Virginia's Ordinance of Secession (enrolled bill), Virginia's Ordinance of Secession (signed copies), Texas Declaration of Causes, Feb. 2, 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ordinance_of_Secession&oldid=1130159788, To announce Georgia's formal intent to secede from the, This page was last edited on 28 December 2022, at 21:49. The new state contained 24 counties that had ratified Virginia's secession ordinance.[3]. ORDINANCE OF SECESSION Immediately after Abraham Lincoln (1809-1861) was elected President, in November, 1860, several Southern states took steps to secede from the Union. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Mississippi and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." from West Virginia University in 2012 and her B.A. In 1863 a Unionist government in western Virginia created a new state from 50 western counties which entered the Union as West Virginia. Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address (1861) Ordinances of Secession. 3. Secession Documents: Alabama Civil Discourse Alabama was the fourth state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861. These conflicts took many formseconomic, social, politicalbut almost always included discussion of slavery in some form. . If you have trouble accessing this page and need to request an alternate format contact ehistory@osu.edu. in history with a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies from Siena College in 2010. The major secessionist newspaper was the Wilmington Journal, located in slaveholding New Hanover County. Whereas the Government of the United States, in the possession and under the control of a sectional party, has wantonly violated the compact originally made between said Government and the State of Missouri, by invading with hostile armies the soil of the State, attacking and making prisoners the militia while legally assembled under the State laws, forcibly occupying the State capitol, and attempting through the instrumentality of domestic traitors to usurp the State government, seizing and destroying private property, and murdering with fiendish malignity peaceable citizens, men, women, and children, together with other acts of atrocity, indicating a deep-settled hostility toward the people of Missouri and their institutions; and AN ORDINANCE To dissolve the Union between the State of Texas and the other States united under the Compact styled "the Constitution of the United States of America." South CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexasVirginiaArkansasNorth CarolinaTennesseeMissouriKentucky. Bitter, violent controversy remained even in states where a popular majority clearly favored secession. Acknowledging the moderates contribution to the cause, diehards such as Yancey were passed over as delegates to the southern convention in favor of former Unionists such as David Peter Lewis. the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may the Alabama Secession Convention. and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The secession convention, recalled in special session, met again in the Old State House in Little Rock on May 6. is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and Are you looking for Alabama Declaration Of Secession ? Secession process in the US Civil War The first seven seceding states, all of the Deep South, were motivated mainly by two factors: the election in November 1860 of President Lincoln, who had no support among Southern voters, and the direct threat to slavery his election posed. The hysteria quickly spread throughout the state, as 100 cannon were fired in Mobile and a Federal judge yelled out his courtroom window that the U.S. Court for the South District of Alabama was adjourned forever. One Alabaman, mocking President-elect Lincolns Eminence as a Rail Splitter, wrote to him asking if he could recommend wood to use in fencing in my South Carolina Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana and Florida Lands., After approving secession, the convention delegates went one step further by passing a resolution inviting delegates from other southern states to come to Alabama: In order to frame a revisional as a permanent Government, the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and they are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their delegates in convention, on the 4th day of February next in Montgomery.. ________________________________________LOUISIANA DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND ORDINANCE dissolving the federal relations between the State of Tennessee and the United States of America.
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